Solutions & Concentrations

  • SO₂ Wine Calculator
    Calculate how much potassium metabisulfite (KMS) to add to your wine to reach a target free SO₂ level, based on volume and current SO₂ in ppm.
  • Resuspension Volume Calculator
    Calculate the solvent volume needed to resuspend a substance to a desired concentration. Enter mass and target concentration to get volume in mL and µL.
  • Hydrogen Ion Concentration Calculator
    Convert between pH and hydrogen ion concentration [H+] instantly. Enter a pH to get [H+] = 10^(−pH), or enter [H+] to find pH, pOH, and [OH−].
  • Mole Fraction Calculator
    Calculate the mole fraction of a component from its moles and the total moles in a mixture. Free chemistry tool with formula, example and FAQ.
  • Normality Calculator
    Calculate the normality (N) of a solution from solute mass, equivalent weight, and volume. Free online chemistry concentration calculator with formula.
  • PPM to Molarity Calculator
    Convert ppm to molarity (mol/L) instantly. Enter concentration in ppm, molar mass, and solution density to get molarity and millimolarity.
  • Water Soluble Fertilizer Calculator
    Calculate how many grams of water-soluble fertilizer to dissolve to reach a target nitrogen ppm for a given water volume and fertilizer %N.
  • Ionic Strength Calculator
    Calculate the ionic strength of a solution from ion concentrations and charges using I = ½ Σ cᵢzᵢ². Supports up to four ion species.
  • Osmotic Pressure Calculator
    Calculate osmotic pressure (Π = iMRT) from van't Hoff factor, molarity and temperature. Get results in atm, kPa and mmHg instantly.
  • DNA Concentration Calculator
    Calculate double-stranded DNA concentration in ng/µL from A260 absorbance and dilution factor using the standard 50 ng/µL conversion constant.
  • Protein Concentration Calculator
    Calculate protein concentration in mg/mL from A280 absorbance and the extinction coefficient using the Beer-Lambert law. Free, fast, and accurate.

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