์ง€๋‚œ 7์ผ๊ฐ„ 2๋ฒˆ์˜ MCP ํ˜ธ์ถœ

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ

๊ณต์‹

๊ด‘๊ณ 

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ํ™˜์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜
$310
์›๋ž˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ
์›๋ž˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก $100
๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ถ„ $210
์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ  210%

๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน ํ™˜์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋ž€?

์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ ค๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์–ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›๋ž˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜(CPI)์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ CPI, ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CPI๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์žฅ๋ฐ”๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋‘ ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ($)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ™์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€(์˜ˆ: ํ•œ๊ตญ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜)์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ CPI๋ผ๋ฉด ์›ํ™” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ†ตํ™”์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์›๋ž˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก, ์‹œ์ž‘ ์‹œ์ ์˜ CPI(๊ณผ๊ฑฐ CPI), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์˜ CPI(ํ˜„์žฌ CPI)๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ™˜์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜, ๊ธˆ์•ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ถ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ์‹œ์  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CPI ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ตญ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€(์˜ˆ: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…ธ๋™ํ†ต๊ณ„๊ตญ(BLS), ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ)์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋А ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋“  ์ž…๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ณต์‹ ํ’€์ด

ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณต์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

$$\text{ํ™˜์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜} = \text{๊ธˆ์•ก} \times \frac{\text{ํ˜„์žฌ CPI}}{\text{๊ณผ๊ฑฐ CPI}}$$

๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋น„์œจ์€ 2๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ˆ์˜ ํ™˜์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์€ ์ด ๋น„์œจ์—์„œ 1์„ ๋บ€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Diagram showing a past amount scaled to a larger present-day equivalent using the ratio of CPI now to CPI then.
The equivalent value scales the past amount by the ratio of CPI now to CPI then.

์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ

CPI๊ฐ€ 100์ด๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— $100์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  CPI๊ฐ€ 310์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

$$100 \times \frac{310}{100} = \$310$$

์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋•Œ์˜ $100์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ $310๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ด 210%์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Line chart of a rising Consumer Price Index marking the past and present CPI points used in the calculation.
A rising CPI means a past amount needs more dollars to match today's value.

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ

CPI ๊ฐ’์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์ฐพ๋‚˜์š”? ์ •๋ถ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์›”๊ฐ„ยท์—ฐ๊ฐ„ CPI ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€(๋ณ€๋™๋ฅ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’ ์ž์ฒด)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

์–ด๋–ค CPI ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋„ค, ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์œจ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์ˆ˜(์˜ˆ: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ CPI-U)์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ธ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ํˆฌ์ž ์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€ ์˜ค์ง ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€๋งŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ž, ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ธ์ƒ, ํˆฌ์ž ์ˆ˜์ต ๋“ฑ์€ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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