MCP๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ

๊ณต์‹

๊ด‘๊ณ 

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์ €์ถ•์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹ค์งˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜
7,440.94
์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€
ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ช…๋ชฉ ์ €์ถ•์•ก 10,000
์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ 2,559.06
๊ฐ€์น˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ๋ฅ  (%) 25.59%

์ €์ถ• ๊ฐ€์น˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋ž€?

๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌตํ˜€๋‘” ๋ˆ์€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์™„๋งŒํ•œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด๋ผ๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚ด ์ €์ถ•์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๊ฐ‰์•„๋จน๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋ˆ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹ค์งˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ ๋’ค ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์ด ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ™”ํ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ผ ์–ด๋–ค ํ†ตํ™”์—๋“  ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Stack of coins shrinking from left to right over time
Inflation steadily reduces the real purchasing power of idle savings.

์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €์ถ• ๊ธˆ์•ก, ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œจ(ํผ์„ผํŠธ), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ ๊ธˆ์•ก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›๋ž˜ ๊ธˆ์•ก ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์‹ ํ’€์ด

ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

$$\text{์‹ค์งˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜} = \dfrac{\text{์ €์ถ•์•ก}}{\left(1 + r\right)^{n}}$$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ r์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œจ(3% โ†’ 0.03)์ด๊ณ , n์€ ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ๋ณต๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งค๋…„ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— \((1 + r)\)์ด ๊ณฑํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์„ n์ œ๊ณฑํ•œ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ช…๋ชฉ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Diagram showing savings divided by inflation factor to give real value
Real value equals savings divided by the compounding inflation factor over n years.

์‹ค์ œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

์ด์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณ„์ขŒ์— $10,000์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘๊ณ , ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์—ฐ 3%๋กœ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ํ• ์ธ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” \((1.03)^{10} \approx 1.34392\)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ค์งˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” \(10{,}000 \div 1.34392 \approx\) $7,440.94๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์•ฝ $2,559.06, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ์•ฝ 25.6%์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์—†์ด ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•œ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Line chart of nominal savings flat versus declining real value over years
The nominal amount stays flat while real value declines year after year.

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ

๋ฐ›์€ ์ด์ž๋„ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ €์ถ•์—์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์ถ•์ด ๋ถˆ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์„ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œจ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ์‹ค์งˆ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ๋”ฐ์ ธ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.

์–ด๋–ค ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œจ์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ ํ‰๊ท  2~3%๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ์“ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ „๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์„ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ ค ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ˆ์„ ํ• ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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