MCP๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ


๋‚ด ๋‹ต โ€” solve the problem on paper, then enter each age:

๊ณต์‹

๊ณต์‹: ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋‚˜์ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ
Show calculation steps (1)
  1. Other two ages

    Other two ages: ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋‚˜์ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ

    Once the pivot age is known, the other two follow directly from the relations.

๊ด‘๊ณ 

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์ •๋‹ต
Mary = 26, Alex = 28, Sam = 21
์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‚˜์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๋‹ต
Mary 26 years ์ •๋‹ต
Alex (pivot) 28 years ์ •๋‹ต
Sam 21 years ์ •๋‹ต

๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ํ’€์ด

Let x = Alex's age (the pivot). Mary is 2 years younger than Alex, so Mary = x - 2. Alex is 7 years older than Sam, so Sam = x - 7. Sum equation: (x - 2) + x + (x - 7) = 75. Combine: 3x - 9 = 75, so 3x = 84, giving x = 28. Then Mary = 26 and Sam = 21. Check: 26 + 28 + 21 = 75.

์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”

์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์ „์ฒด ๋‚˜์ด์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๋ฏผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋ณด๋‹ค 2์‚ด ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์ƒ˜๋ณด๋‹ค 7์‚ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด 75์‚ด์ผ ๋•Œ, ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์‹œ์˜ค."์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘ ์ข…์ด์— ํ’€์–ด ๋ณธ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ ๋‹ต์˜ ์ •๋‹ต ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด ํ’€์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„, ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด ์ฐจ์ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ง€/๋งŽ์€์ง€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋‚˜์ด์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„ฃ์œผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋‹ต์ด ๋งž์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ํ’€์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์œ„์— ์–ฝ๋งค์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ”์šฉ ํ•™์Šต ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ์œ„๋Š” '์‚ด(๋…„)'๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์‹ ์„ค๋ช…

๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(2๋ฒˆ)์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ \(x\)๋กœ ์žก์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งŽ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ (+1), "์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋บ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(-1). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด \(1\text{๋ฒˆ} = x + s_1 d_1\), \(3\text{๋ฒˆ} = x - s_2 d_2\) ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด $$3x + s_1 d_1 - s_2 d_2 = S$$ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ $$x = \dfrac{S - s_1 d_1 + s_2 d_2}{3}$$ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

P2๋ฅผ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1 ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ํ๋ฆ„๋„
ํ•ญ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •๋œ ํ•ฉ๊ณ„๋ฅผ 3์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 2์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์•„์ด์ฝ˜๊ณผ ๋‚˜์ด ์ฐจ์ด ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ d1, d2, ํ•ฉ๊ณ„ S ๊ด„ํ˜ธ
์‚ฌ๋žŒ 2๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋‚˜์ด ์ฐจ์ด(d1, d2)์™€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ•ฉ๊ณ„ S๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ’€์ด ์˜ˆ์‹œ

๋ฏผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋ณด๋‹ค 2์‚ด ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ (\(s_1 = -1\), \(d_1 = 2\)), ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ˜๋ณด๋‹ค 7์‚ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉฐ(\(s_2 = +1\), \(d_2 = 7\)), ํ•ฉ์ด 75์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: $$\text{์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค} = \frac{75 - (-1 \times 2) + (1 \times 7)}{3} = \frac{75 + 2 + 7}{3} = \frac{84}{3} = 28.$$ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ \(\text{๋ฏผ์ง€} = 28 - 2 = 26\), \(\text{์ƒ˜} = 28 - 7 = 21\) ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์‚ฐ: \(26 + 28 + 21 = 75\).

์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์šฉ์–ด์ง‘

  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 1, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 2, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 3 โ€” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 2๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ (์ค‘์‹ฌ) ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 1๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 3์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 2์— ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ \(x\) (์‚ฌ๋žŒ 2์˜ ๋‚˜์ด) โ€” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์•ฝ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(x\)๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • \(d_1\), \(d_2\) (๋‚˜์ด ์ฐจ์ด) โ€” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์—ฐ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: \(d_1\)์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 1์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 2์™€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€์ด๊ณ , \(d_2\)๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 3์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 2์™€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์–‘์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • \(s_1\), \(s_2\) (๋ถ€ํ˜ธ ์ธ์ˆ˜) โ€” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 2๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„ ๋•Œ \(+1\)์ด๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์ ์„ ๋•Œ \(-1\)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ ๊ด€๊ณ„("๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€"/"๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์ ์€")๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 1 \(= x + s_1 d_1\), ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 3 \(= x + s_2 d_2\).
  • \(S\) (๋‚˜์ด ํ•ฉ๊ณ„) โ€” ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๋‚˜์ด ํ•ฉ๊ณ„๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฐ’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, \(S = P_1 + P_2 + P_3\). ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ƒ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ณต์‹ โ€” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋‚˜์ด์™€ ํ•ฉ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด \(\,3x + s_1 d_1 + s_2 d_2 = S\,\)๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ , ์ฆ‰ \(\,x = \dfrac{S - s_1 d_1 - s_2 d_2}{3}\,\)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณต๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ \(S\)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™•์ธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ

์™œ 2๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ 2๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‘๋ฉด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹์„ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ต์ด ์ •์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๊น”๋”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด \((S - s_1 d_1 + s_2 d_2)\)๊ฐ€ 3์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์–‘์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ํ•ฉ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

ํ’€์ด ๊ณผ์ •๋„ ์ฑ„์ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ตœ์ข… ๋‚˜์ด๋งŒ ๋ณด๋‚˜์š”? ์ž…๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋‹ต๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด ํ’€์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ’€์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง์ ‘ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ตœ์ข… ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ: