MCP๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ

๊ณต์‹

๊ณต์‹: ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ
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  1. Change-of-base formula

    Change-of-base formula: ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ

    Logarithm to any base a expressed using natural logs.

๊ด‘๊ณ 

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
1.09861228866811
์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋กœ๊ทธ์˜ x์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ’

์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

์ด ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ x์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ \(\ln(x)\)(๋ฐ‘์ด \(e\)), ์ƒ์šฉ๋กœ๊ทธ \(\log(x)\)(๋ฐ‘์ด 10), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž„์˜์˜ ๋ฐ‘ \(a\)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋กœ๊ทธ \(\log_a(x)\)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€์ •๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฒ”์šฉ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์€ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋“œ๋กญ๋‹ค์šด์—์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์„ธ์š”. \(\ln(x)\)์™€ \(\log(x)\)๋Š” ์ธ์ˆ˜ \(x\)๋งŒ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(\log_a(x)\)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ‘ \(a\)๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, \(a\)๋Š” 0๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ณ  1์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(x\) ๊ฐ’(์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด 0๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปค์•ผ ํ•จ)์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ฝ 14์ž๋ฆฌ ์œ ํšจ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์‹ ์„ค๋ช…

์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” "e๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ์ œ๊ณฑํ•˜๋ฉด x๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ์šฉ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” "10์„ ๋ช‡ ์ œ๊ณฑํ•˜๋ฉด x๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์˜์˜ ๋ฐ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ‘ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ณต์‹ $$\log_a(x) = \frac{\ln(x)}{\ln(a)}$$ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ‘์˜ ๋กœ๊ทธ๋“  ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด ๋ถ„์ž์™€ ๋ถ„๋ชจ์—์„œ ๋ฐ‘์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์ƒ์‡„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ‘ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ณต์‹
๋ฐ‘ ๋ณ€ํ™˜: ์ž„์˜์˜ \(\log_a(x)\)๋Š” \(\ln(x)\)๋ฅผ \(\ln(a)\)๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
๊ฐ™์€ ์ขŒํ‘œ์ถ• ์œ„์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ‘์˜ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ณก์„ 
๋ฐ‘์ด \(e\), 10, 2์ธ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ณก์„  \(y = \log_a(x)\). ๋ชจ๋‘ \((1, 0)\)์„ ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ์ œ ํ’€์ด

\(\log_a(x)\)๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ‘ \(a = 2\), \(x = 8\)์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด $$\log_2(8) = \frac{\ln(8)}{\ln(2)} = \frac{2.0794415\ldots}{0.6931472\ldots} = 3$$ ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2๋ฅผ 3์ œ๊ณฑํ•˜๋ฉด 8์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 10์˜ ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ์ด 1000์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ \(\log(1000) = 3\)์ด๋ฉฐ, \(\ln(3)\)์€ ์•ฝ \(1.0986122886681\)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ

์™œ x๋Š” 0๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปค์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ์ธ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ •์˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(x\)๊ฐ€ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด ๋กœ๊ทธ๊ฐ’์€ ์Œ์˜ ๋ฌดํ•œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, \(x\)๊ฐ€ 0์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(์›๋ž˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค).

์™œ ๋ฐ‘์€ 1์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‚˜์š”? \(\ln(1)\)์€ 0์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐ‘ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ณต์‹์—์„œ 0์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ‘์ด 1์ธ ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ln๊ณผ log์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? \(\ln\)์€ ๋ฐ‘์ด \(e\)(์•ฝ 2.71828)์ด๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ \(\log\)๋Š” ๋ฐ‘์ด 10์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์€ ์ƒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฐ๋งŒํผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, $$\log(x) = \frac{\ln(x)}{\ln(10)}$$ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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