MCP๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ

๊ณต์‹

๊ด‘๊ณ 

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ ์—ฐ๋ด‰
51,756.53
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€
๋ช…๋ชฉ ์—ฐ๋ด‰ 60,000
์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ 8,243.47
์—ฐ๋ด‰ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์†์‹ค ๋น„์œจ(%) 13.74%

์‹ค์งˆ ์—ฐ๋ด‰์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?

๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…๋ชฉ์ƒ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๋ด‰์ด๋ผ๋„, ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๊ฐ’์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘์€ ์ ์  ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์ฃ . ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ '์‹ค์งˆ' ์—ฐ๋ด‰์€ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ ๋’ค, ๋‚ด ๋ช…๋ชฉ ์—ฐ๋ด‰์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํ†ตํ™”์— ์–ฝ๋งค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์–ด๋А ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ์†ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ๋งŒ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Two stacks of coins of equal nominal height with a downward arrow showing reduced purchasing power over time
The same nominal salary buys less over time as inflation erodes purchasing power.

๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” (๋ช…๋ชฉ) ์—ฐ๋ด‰, ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ (%), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‹ค์งˆ ์—ฐ๋ด‰, ๊ธˆ์•ก ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์†์‹ค์ด ์›๋ž˜ ์—ฐ๋ด‰ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋ช‡ ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์‹ ํ’€์ด

ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณต์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

$$\text{Real} = \dfrac{\text{Nominal}}{(1 + r)^{n}}$$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ \(r\)์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ (3% = 0.03), \(n\)์€ ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ชจ์ธ \((1 + r)^{n}\)์€ ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน์ด ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณต๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์Œ“์ด๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Diagram of nominal salary divided by inflation growth factor yielding a smaller real salary
Dividing nominal salary by the compounding inflation factor (1+r)^n gives the real salary.

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฐ๋ด‰์ด 60,000์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  3%์”ฉ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

$$(1.03)^{5} \approx 1.159274$$

60,000์„ 1.159274๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด ์‹ค์งˆ ์—ฐ๋ด‰์€ ์•ฝ 51,756์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

$$\dfrac{60{,}000}{1.159274} \approx 51{,}756$$

์ฆ‰, ์—ฐ๋ด‰์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ฝ 8,244, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ์•ฝ 13.7%์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Descending line chart of real salary value declining over several years at a steady inflation rate
Real salary value declines year over year when nominal pay stays flat under inflation.

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ

๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ธ์ƒํญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ด‰์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์–ผ๋งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ด‰์— \((1 + r)^{n}\)์„ ๊ณฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋ณธ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜(CPI) ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „๋ง์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ 2~3% ์•ˆํŒŽ์„ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์†์‹ค์ด ์™œ ๋ณต๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋‚˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋งค๋…„์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ค„์–ด๋“  ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์†์‹ค์ด ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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