MCP๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ

๊ณต์‹

๊ด‘๊ณ 

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

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๋‹น์ฒจ ํ™•๋ฅ  (1๊ฒŒ์ž„๋‹น)
1 in 292,201,338
probability 0.00000034%
1๊ฒŒ์ž„๋‹น ํ™•๋ฅ  0.000000003422
๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ˆ˜ 1
์ „์ฒด ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ ๋‹น์ฒจ ํ™•๋ฅ  0.000000003422
์ „์ฒด ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ ํ™•๋ฅ  1 in 292,201,341

ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ ๋‹น์ฒจ ํ™•๋ฅ  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋ž€?

์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ(Powerball) ๋ณต๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ ๋‹น์ฒจ ๋“ฑ์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ์€ 69๊ฐœ์˜ ํฐ ๊ณต ์ค‘์—์„œ 5๊ฐœ๋ฅผ, 26๊ฐœ์˜ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๊ณต(ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ) ์ค‘์—์„œ 1๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋“ฑ์ˆ˜์ธ ์žญํŒŸ์— ๋‹น์ฒจ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํฐ ๊ณต 5๊ฐœ์™€ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งžํ˜€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋ฐฉ์‹(69/26)์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋กœ๋˜ 6/45์™€๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์šฉ ๋ณต๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‹น์ฒจ ๋“ฑ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์žญํŒŸ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋งžํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, "์ „์ฒด ๋‹น์ฒจ"์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์ฒจ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ๊ฒŒ์ž„(๋ผ์ธ) ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ "N๋ถ„์˜ 1" ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ , ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹น์ฒจ ํ™•๋ฅ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๋‹น์ฒจ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์‹ ์„ค๋ช…

69๊ฐœ์˜ ํฐ ๊ณต ์ค‘์—์„œ 5๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ดํ•ญ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ \(C(69,5) = 11{,}238{,}513\)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ 26๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•˜๋ฉด 292,201,338๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์žญํŒŸ ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ \(1 / 292{,}201{,}338\)์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ ๊ณต์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ k๊ฐœ ๋งžํžˆ๋Š” ๋“ฑ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ํฐ ๊ณต ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜๋Š” \(C(5,k)\cdot C(64,5-k)\)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉด \(1/26\)์„, ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉด \(25/26\)์„ ๊ณฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ด‘๊ณ 
๊ฐ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ ๋‹น์ฒจ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„
์žญํŒŸ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ๋งŒ ๋งžํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊นŒ์ง€, ์•„ํ™‰ ๊ฐœ ๋‹น์ฒจ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ์ˆœ์•„ํ™‰ ๊ฐœ ์ค‘ ํฐ ๊ณต ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์™€ ์Šค๋ฌผ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ ์ค‘ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๊ณต ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋„ํ‘œ
ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ ์ถ”์ฒจ: 69๊ฐœ ์ค‘ ํฐ ๊ณต 5๊ฐœ์™€ 26๊ฐœ ์ค‘ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ 1๊ฐœ.

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

ํฐ ๊ณต 4๊ฐœ + ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ณผ ์ผ์น˜: ํฐ ๊ณต ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜ = \(C(5,4)\cdot C(64,1) = 5\cdot 64 = 320\). ํ™•๋ฅ  = $$P = \frac{320}{11{,}238{,}513}\cdot\frac{1}{26} = \frac{320}{292{,}201{,}338} \approx \frac{1}{913{,}129}$$ ์•ฝ 913,129๋ถ„์˜ 1. ๊ฒŒ์ž„ 50์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ $$P = 1 - (1-p)^{50} \approx \frac{1}{18{,}263}$$ ์•ฝ 18,263๋ถ„์˜ 1์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ

์žญํŒŸ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์™œ 2์–ต 9,200๋งŒ ๋ถ„์˜ 1์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 292,201,338๊ฐ€์ง€์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์žญํŒŸ์— ๋‹น์ฒจ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฟ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋„์›€์€ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๋ก€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋Œ€๋žต ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ \(1 - (1-p)^n\)์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹น์ฒจ๊ธˆ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ™•๋ฅ ๋งŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ์ฐจ์™€ ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹น์ฒจ๊ธˆ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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