• Numbers to Words Converter
    Convert numbers to words in English. Spell any number, format as currency (dollars, euros, pounds and more), or write check amounts, with selectable letter case.
  • Digits to Words Converter
    Convert digits to spoken words character by character (123 to "one two three"). Read tracking numbers, dates, SSNs and serials in 12 languages with case options.
  • Computer (Digital) Storage Units Converter
    Convert digital storage between bits and bytes, decimal (kB, MB, GB) and binary (KiB, MiB, GiB) units. Free, accurate converter with the IEC standard explained.
  • Pixel Aspect Ratio Calculator
    Calculate Pixel Aspect Ratio (PAR) from stored pixel dimensions and display aspect ratio. PAR = DAR ÷ SAR, where SAR = stored width ÷ height.
  • Odd Parity Bit Calculator
    Calculate the odd parity bit for any binary string. Determines the parity bit so the total number of 1s (data + parity) is odd, for error detection.
  • Parity Bit Calculator
    Calculate the even and odd parity bit for any binary data. Counts the 1 bits and shows the parity bit needed for error detection.
  • CSS Aspect Ratio Calculator
    Calculate the simplified aspect ratio from any width and height, plus the padding-top percentage for responsive CSS aspect-ratio boxes.
  • Even Parity Bit Calculator
    Calculate the even parity bit for any binary string. Counts the 1s and returns the parity bit that makes the total number of 1s even.
  • RAID Capacity Calculator
    Calculate usable RAID storage capacity for RAID 0, 1, 5, 6 and 10. Enter disk count and size to see usable space, overhead and efficiency.
  • Uptime / Downtime Calculator
    Calculate allowed downtime for any SLA uptime percentage (99.9%, 99.99%, etc.) per day, week, month, or year — in days, hours, minutes & seconds.
  • RAM Latency Calculator
    Calculate true RAM latency in nanoseconds from CAS latency (CL) and memory speed (MT/s). Compare DDR4 and DDR5 modules instantly with this free tool.
  • Video Frame Size Calculator
    Calculate the average size of a single video frame in bytes from bitrate and frame rate, plus the total file size for any clip duration.
  • Resolution Scale Calculator
    Scale any image or video resolution by a factor. Calculate the new width, height, total pixel count and megapixels instantly with this free tool.
  • Image File Size Calculator
    Estimate an image's file size from width, height, color depth and compression. Get the result in bytes, KB and MB instantly.
  • Image Aspect Ratio Calculator
    Find the aspect ratio of any image and calculate proportional resize dimensions. Enter width and height to get the simplified W:H ratio instantly.
  • Contrast Ratio Calculator
    Calculate WCAG color contrast ratio from RGB values. Check AA and AAA accessibility compliance using relative luminance: (L1+0.05)/(L2+0.05).
  • Password Entropy Calculator
    Calculate password entropy in bits from length and character set. See strength and estimated crack time using the formula bits = length × log2(charset).
  • Hamming Distance Calculator
    Calculate the Hamming distance between two strings or bit sequences — the number of positions where the symbols differ. Free, instant, and accurate.
  • Shannon Entropy Calculator
    Calculate Shannon entropy (in bits) from a probability distribution or raw counts using H = −Σ pi log2(pi). Get entropy, max entropy, and efficiency.
  • Password Combination Calculator
    Calculate the total number of possible password combinations and entropy in bits from your character set size and password length.
  • Leaky ReLU Activation Function Calculator
    Compute the Leaky ReLU activation f(x)=x if x>0 else alpha*x. Sweep a range of x values, get a table of (x, f(x)) pairs and plot the curve.
  • Aspect Ratio Calculator
    Aspect Ratio Calculator - Calculate the aspect ratio easily. Enter the width and height to get the precise aspect ratio for your images or videos instantly.
  • Text to Binary (ASCII) Converter
    Convert any text to binary online. Each character becomes its ASCII code, then an 8-bit binary string. Get spaced, continuous, and decimal output instantly.
  • Password Crack Time Calculator
    Estimate how long a brute-force attack needs to crack your password from its length, character set and an attacker's guesses per second.