Physics and Engineering

  • Specific Gravity to Density Calculator
    Convert specific gravity (SG) to density. Multiply SG by the reference water density (1000 kg/m³) to get density in kg/m³, g/cm³ and g/L instantly.
  • Hydropower Output Calculator
    Calculate hydroelectric power output from water flow rate, head, and efficiency using P = ρgQHη. Results in watts and kilowatts.
  • Density Altitude Calculator
    Calculate density altitude from field elevation, altimeter setting, and OAT using DA = PA + 120 x (OAT - ISA). Quick pilot performance estimate.
  • Water Pressure Loss from Elevation Calculator
    Calculate water pressure loss from elevation change using 0.433 psi per foot. Enter elevation in feet and specific gravity to get psi, head, and bar.
  • Water Density by Temperature Calculator
    Calculate the density of water at any temperature from 0 to 100 °C using the standard empirical polynomial. Results in kg/m³ and g/cm³.
  • GPM to CFS Converter
    Convert gallons per minute (GPM) to cubic feet per second (CFS) instantly. Enter a flow rate and get an accurate CFS value using CFS = GPM / 448.831.
  • CFS to GPM Converter
    Convert cubic feet per second (CFS) to gallons per minute (GPM) instantly. Uses 1 CFS = 448.831 US GPM. Free flow-rate conversion tool.
  • Liters per Second to GPM Converter
    Convert liters per second (L/s) to US gallons per minute (GPM) instantly. Enter a flow rate and get the exact GPM value using the 15.8503 factor.
  • Acre-Feet to Gallons Calculator
    Convert acre-feet to US gallons instantly. Enter acre-feet and get the exact gallon volume using 1 acre-foot = 325,851 gallons.
  • Relative Humidity from Dew Point Calculator
    Calculate relative humidity (%) from air temperature and dew point using the Magnus formula. Fast, accurate, and free online RH calculator.
  • Water Flow From Tank Time Calculator
    Calculate the time to fully drain a tank through a hole using Torricelli law. Enter tank area, hole area, liquid height and discharge coefficient.
  • Pump Efficiency Calculator
    Calculate pump efficiency from flow rate, head, fluid density and shaft power using η = (ρgQH)/P. Get hydraulic power and efficiency percentage instantly.
  • Absolute to Gauge Pressure Calculator
    Convert absolute pressure to gauge pressure instantly. Enter absolute and atmospheric pressure to find gauge pressure using Pg = Pabs − Patm.
  • Water Vapor Pressure Calculator
    Calculate the saturation vapor pressure of water at any temperature using the Tetens formula. Get results in kPa, hPa (mbar), and mmHg.
  • Hoop Stress Calculator (Thin-Wall Pipe)
    Calculate hoop (circumferential) and axial stress in a thin-wall pressurized pipe or cylinder using σ = PD/2t. Enter pressure, diameter and wall thickness.
  • Pipe Wall Thickness Calculator (Barlow's Formula)
    Calculate minimum pipe wall thickness from internal pressure, outside diameter, and allowable stress using Barlow formula t = PD/(2S). In inches and mm.
  • Sprinkler Flow Rate Calculator
    Calculate fire sprinkler discharge flow rate (GPM) from K-factor and pressure using Q = K times the square root of P. Free hydraulic calculator.
  • Air Flow Rate (CFM) Calculator
    Calculate airflow in CFM from air velocity (ft/min) and rectangular duct dimensions. Uses CFM = velocity × duct area for HVAC sizing.
  • Pipe Water Velocity Calculator (GPM & Diameter)
    Calculate water velocity (ft/s) in a pipe from flow rate in GPM and inside diameter in inches. Fast, accurate plumbing and pipe-sizing tool.
  • Water Column to Pressure Calculator
    Convert a water column height (feet or inches of water) into pressure in PSI, kPa and bar. Uses ftH2O x 0.4335 and inH2O x 0.03613.
  • Wind Load Pressure Calculator
    Calculate dynamic wind pressure with q = ½ρv². Enter wind speed and air density to get pressure in pascals, plus total wind force on an area.
  • Flow Rate to Velocity Converter
    Convert volumetric flow rate (Q) and pipe diameter into fluid velocity. Supports m³/s, L/s, GPM and mm, cm, in. Free pipe flow velocity calculator.
  • Darcy-Weisbach Pressure Drop Calculator
    Calculate pressure drop in a pipe using the Darcy-Weisbach equation from friction factor, length, diameter, density and velocity. Get Pa, kPa, bar and head loss.
  • Water Flow from Pipe Pressure & Diameter Calculator
    Estimate water flow rate from pipe pressure and inner diameter using Q = A·√(2P/ρ). Get results in L/min, m³/s, m³/h plus flow velocity.

Categories