MCP๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ

ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•: + - * / ^ ๋ฐ sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, sinh, cosh, tanh, exp, log(ln), log10, sqrt, abs ํ•จ์ˆ˜, ์ƒ์ˆ˜ pi์™€ e. ์‚ผ๊ฐํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ผ๋””์•ˆ ๋‹จ์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์€ |x| ๋Œ€์‹  abs(x), ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์€ sqrt(x)๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

๊ณต์‹

๊ด‘๊ณ 

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Step size h = (b โˆ’ a) / n
0.1
51 sample points (including both endpoints)
First sample f(a) = -1.58385, g(a) = 2
k x f(x) g(x)
-2 -1.58385 2
-1.9 -1.57671 1.61
-1.8 -1.5728 1.24
-1.7 -1.57116 0.89
-1.6 -1.5708 0.56
-1.5 -1.57074 0.25
-1.4 -1.56997 -0.04
-1.3 -1.5675 -0.31
-1.2 -1.56236 -0.56
-1.1 -1.5536 -0.79
-1 -1.5403 -1
-0.9 -1.52161 -1.19
-0.8 -1.49671 -1.36
-0.7 -1.46484 -1.51
-0.6 -1.42534 -1.64
-0.5 -1.37758 -1.75
-0.4 -1.32106 -1.84
-0.3 -1.25534 -1.91
-0.2 -1.18007 -1.96
-0.1 -1.095 -1.99
0 -1 -2
0.1 -0.895 -1.99
0.2 -0.78007 -1.96
0.3 -0.65534 -1.91
0.4 -0.52106 -1.84
0.5 -0.37758 -1.75
0.6 -0.22534 -1.64
0.7 -0.06484 -1.51
0.8 0.10329 -1.36
0.9 0.27839 -1.19
1 0.4597 -1
1.1 0.6464 -0.79
1.2 0.83764 -0.56
1.3 1.0325 -0.31
1.4 1.23003 -0.04
1.5 1.42926 0.25
1.6 1.6292 0.56
1.7 1.82884 0.89
1.8 2.0272 1.24
1.9 2.22329 1.61
2 2.41615 2
2.1 2.60485 2.41
2.2 2.7885 2.84
2.3 2.96628 3.29
2.4 3.13739 3.76
2.5 3.30114 4.25
2.6 3.45689 4.76
2.7 3.60407 5.29
2.8 3.74222 5.84
2.9 3.87096 6.41
3 3.98999 7

์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?

ํ•จ์ˆ˜ f(x), g(x) ํ‘œยท๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ x์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ [a, b]์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ n๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์†Œ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๋’ค ๊ฐ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ ์—์„œ ํ•จ์ˆซ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด, ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐยท๊ทผ(้›ถ้ปž) ํ™•์ธยท๋‘ ๊ณก์„  ๋น„๊ตยทํ•™์Šต์ง€ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋“ฑ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊น”๋”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ g(x)๋Š” ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ณก์„  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๋•Œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

a์—์„œ b๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ f์™€ g์˜ ๋‘ ๊ณก์„ 
๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ [a, b]์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๋‘ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ f(x)์™€ g(x).

์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

f(x)๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด„ํ˜ธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ + - * / ^ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ , sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, sinh, cosh, tanh, exp, log(์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ / ln), log10, sqrt, abs ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋Š” pi์™€ e์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ผ๊ฐํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ผ๋””์•ˆ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์€ ์„ธ๋กœ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ ๋Œ€์‹  abs(x)๋กœ, ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์€ sqrt(x)๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด g(x)๋„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ฐ’ a์™€ ๋๊ฐ’ b๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ (b๋Š” a๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค), ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ n(10, 20, 50, 100, 200 ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜)์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋’ค ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์‹ ์„ค๋ช…

๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(์Šคํ…)์€ \(h = (b - a) / n\) ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ ์€ \(k = 0, 1, 2, \dots, n\) ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด \(x_k = a + k\cdot h\) ๋กœ ์ •ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์–‘ ๋์  a์™€ b๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘ n+1๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  \(x_k\)์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋กœ๊ทธ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ, 0์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ํ•ด๋‹น ์นธ์— "์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ"์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

$$y_i = f(x_i), \quad x_i = \text{a} + i\,h$$$$\text{where}\quad \left\{ \begin{aligned} f &= \text{f(x)} \\ g &= \text{g(x)} \\ h &= \dfrac{\text{b} - \text{a}}{\text{n}} \\ i &= 0,\,1,\,\dots,\,\text{n} \end{aligned} \right.$$
๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ h๋กœ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง์„ 
ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ ์€ a์—์„œ b๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ \(h = (b - a)/n\)๋กœ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

\(f(x) = x - \cos(x)\), \(g(x) = x^2 - 2\), \(a = -2\), \(b = 3\), \(n = 10\) ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ $$h = \frac{3 - (-2)}{10} = 0.5$$ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(k = 0\), \(x = -2\) ์ผ ๋•Œ \(f = -2 - \cos(-2) \approx -1.58385\), \(g = (-2)^2 - 2 = 2\) ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(k = 10\), \(x = 3\) ์ผ ๋•Œ \(f = 3 - \cos(3) \approx 3.98999\), \(g = 9 - 2 = 7\) ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 11๊ฐœ ํ–‰๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ

๊ฐ๋„๋Š” ๋„(ยฐ)์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ๋ผ๋””์•ˆ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ผ๋””์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„(degree) ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ผ๊ฐํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์—์„œ x*pi/180 ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

๊ฑฐ๋“ญ์ œ๊ณฑ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์บ๋Ÿฟ(^)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด x์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ์€ x^2, ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์€ x^0.5 ๋˜๋Š” sqrt(x)๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

b๊ฐ€ a๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์œ ํšจํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , h๋ฅผ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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