MCP๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ

๊ณต์‹

๊ณต์‹: ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ‘œยท๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ
Show calculation steps (1)
  1. Change of base

    Change of base: ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ‘œยท๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ

    Logarithm to an arbitrary base a using natural logs.

๊ด‘๊ณ 

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ํ•จ์ˆ˜
ln(x)
100 plotted points of 101 table rows
์ •์˜๋œ ํ–‰ (๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ์ ) 100
์ „์ฒด ํ‘œ ํ–‰ ์ˆ˜ 101
์ฒซ ์ •์˜๋œ ์  (x, y) (0.05, -2.995732)
x y = ln(x)
0 undefined
0.05 -2.99573
0.1 -2.30259
0.15 -1.89712
0.2 -1.60944
0.25 -1.38629
0.3 -1.20397
0.35 -1.04982
0.4 -0.916291
0.45 -0.798508
0.5 -0.693147
0.55 -0.597837
0.6 -0.510826
0.65 -0.430783
0.7 -0.356675
0.75 -0.287682
0.8 -0.223144
0.85 -0.162519
0.9 -0.105361
0.95 -0.0512933
1 0
1.05 0.0487902
1.1 0.0953102
1.15 0.139762
1.2 0.182322
1.25 0.223144
1.3 0.262364
1.35 0.300105
1.4 0.336472
1.45 0.371564
1.5 0.405465
1.55 0.438255
1.6 0.470004
1.65 0.500775
1.7 0.530628
1.75 0.559616
1.8 0.587787
1.85 0.615186
1.9 0.641854
1.95 0.667829
2 0.693147
2.05 0.71784
2.1 0.741937
2.15 0.765468
2.2 0.788457
2.25 0.81093
2.3 0.832909
2.35 0.854415
2.4 0.875469
2.45 0.896088
2.5 0.916291
2.55 0.936093
2.6 0.955511
2.65 0.97456
2.7 0.993252
2.75 1.0116
2.8 1.02962
2.85 1.04732
2.9 1.06471
2.95 1.08181
3 1.09861
3.05 1.11514
3.1 1.1314
3.15 1.1474
3.2 1.16315
3.25 1.17865
3.3 1.19392
3.35 1.20896
3.4 1.22378
3.45 1.23837
3.5 1.25276
3.55 1.26695
3.6 1.28093
3.65 1.29473
3.7 1.30833
3.75 1.32176
3.8 1.335
3.85 1.34807
3.9 1.36098
3.95 1.37372
4 1.38629
4.05 1.39872
4.1 1.41099
4.15 1.42311
4.2 1.43508
4.25 1.44692
4.3 1.45862
4.35 1.47018
4.4 1.4816
4.45 1.4929
4.5 1.50408
4.55 1.51513
4.6 1.52606
4.65 1.53687
4.7 1.54756
4.75 1.55814
4.8 1.56862
4.85 1.57898
4.9 1.58924
4.95 1.59939
5 1.60944

์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ

์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์ •ํ•œ x ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’ ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ \(\ln(x)\)(๋ฐ‘ e), ์ƒ์šฉ๋กœ๊ทธ \(\log(x)\)(๋ฐ‘ 10), ๋˜๋Š” ์ž„์˜์˜ ๋ฐ‘ a๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋กœ๊ทธ \(\log_a(x)\) ์ค‘์—์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘๊ฐ’์—์„œ ๋๊ฐ’๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ x๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ \(y = f(x)\)๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ , (x, y) ์Œ์„ ํ‘œ๋กœ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•œ ๋’ค ๊ทธ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ค ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ™์€ ์ขŒํ‘œ์ถ• ์œ„์˜ ์„ธ ๋กœ๊ทธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ณก์„ 
ln(x), log10(x), ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ง€์ • ๋ฐ‘์˜ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ (1, 0)์„ ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋จผ์ € ๋“œ๋กญ๋‹ค์šด์—์„œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(\log_a(x)\)๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ‘ a๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”(0๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ณ  1์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค). ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ "x ๋ฒ”์œ„(์‹œ์ž‘)"์™€ "x ๋ฒ”์œ„(๋)", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์ฆ๋ถ„"(๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ)์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์— ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์œ ํšจ ์ˆซ์ž ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜๋„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, x๊ฐ€ 0์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Œ์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋กœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋œ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‘œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 301ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ณต์‹

์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ \(y = \ln(x)\)๋Š” \(e^x\)์˜ ์—ญํ•จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์šฉ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

$$y = \log_{10}(x) = \frac{\ln(x)}{\ln(10)}$$

์ž„์˜์˜ ๋ฐ‘ a์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ‘ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ณต์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์Œ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

$$\log_a(x) = \frac{\ln(x)}{\ln(a)}, \quad a>0,\ a\neq 1$$

๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ Math.log๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ๋กœ๊ทธ, Math.log10์€ ๋ฐ‘ 10 ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(a = 1\)์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” \(\ln(a) = 0\)์ด ๋˜์–ด 0์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ฐ‘์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 1์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‘ ๋กœ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ‘ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ณต์‹
๋ฐ‘ ๋ณ€ํ™˜: ๋ชจ๋“  ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ln(x)๋ฅผ ln(a)๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ

\(\log_a(x)\)๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  \(a = 2\), x๋ฅผ 1๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 8๊นŒ์ง€, ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ 1๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ‘ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ณต์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: \(\log_2(1)=0\), \(\log_2(2)=1\), \(\log_2(3)=1.584963\), \(\log_2(4)=2\), \(\log_2(5)=2.321928\), \(\log_2(6)=2.584963\), \(\log_2(7)=2.807355\), \(\log_2(8)=3\). ๋ชจ๋“  x๊ฐ€ ์–‘์ˆ˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 8๊ฐœ ํ–‰์ด ์ „๋ถ€ ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ‘œ์—๋Š” 8๊ฐœ ํ–‰๊ณผ 8๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ์€ (1, 0)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ

x = 0์ด ์™œ ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋‚˜์š”? 0์˜ ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ๋ฌดํ•œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰์€ "์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ"์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. y์ถ•์€ ์ˆ˜์ง ์ ๊ทผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ‘์ด ๋ถ„์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋„ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋„ค, ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(0 < a < 1\) ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ฐ’(์˜ˆ: 0.5)๋„ ์œ ํšจํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณก์„ ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(a = 1\)๊ณผ \(a \le 0\)์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"์œ ํšจ ์ˆซ์ž"๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋‚˜์š”? ํ‘œ์— ๋ช‡ ์ž๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ‘œ์‹œํ• ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฐฐ์ •๋ฐ€๋„(double) ์ „์ฒด ์ •๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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