MCP๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ

๊ณต์‹

๊ณต์‹: ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ / ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ / n์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ํ‘œยท๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ
Show calculation steps (1)
  1. Negative base, odd integer root

    Negative base, odd integer root: ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ / ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ / n์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ํ‘œยท๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ

    When x is negative and n is an odd integer, the real nth root is negative. Even or non-integer roots of negatives have no real value.

๊ด‘๊ณ 

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์  ์ˆ˜
101
root index n = 2
์š”์•ฝ ๊ฐ’
์ฒซ y ๊ฐ’ 0
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ y ๊ฐ’ 2.236068
y = x์˜ n์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ (์•„๋ž˜ ํ‘œ ์ฐธ๊ณ )
x y
0 0
0.05 0.223607
0.1 0.316228
0.15 0.387298
0.2 0.447214
0.25 0.5
0.3 0.547723
0.35 0.591608
0.4 0.632456
0.45 0.67082
0.5 0.707107
0.55 0.74162
0.6 0.774597
0.65 0.806226
0.7 0.83666
0.75 0.866025
0.8 0.894427
0.85 0.921954
0.9 0.948683
0.95 0.974679
1 1
1.05 1.024695
1.1 1.048809
1.15 1.072381
1.2 1.095445
1.25 1.118034
1.3 1.140175
1.35 1.161895
1.4 1.183216
1.45 1.204159
1.5 1.224745
1.55 1.24499
1.6 1.264911
1.65 1.284523
1.7 1.30384
1.75 1.322876
1.8 1.341641
1.85 1.360147
1.9 1.378405
1.95 1.396424
2 1.414214
2.05 1.431782
2.1 1.449138
2.15 1.466288
2.2 1.48324
2.25 1.5
2.3 1.516575
2.35 1.532971
2.4 1.549193
2.45 1.565248
2.5 1.581139
2.55 1.596872
2.6 1.612452
2.65 1.627882
2.7 1.643168
2.75 1.658312
2.8 1.67332
2.85 1.688194
2.9 1.702939
2.95 1.717556
3 1.732051
3.05 1.746425
3.1 1.760682
3.15 1.774824
3.2 1.788854
3.25 1.802776
3.3 1.81659
3.35 1.830301
3.4 1.843909
3.45 1.857418
3.5 1.870829
3.55 1.884144
3.6 1.897367
3.65 1.910497
3.7 1.923538
3.75 1.936492
3.8 1.949359
3.85 1.962142
3.9 1.974842
3.95 1.987461
4 2
4.05 2.012461
4.1 2.024846
4.15 2.037155
4.2 2.04939
4.25 2.061553
4.3 2.073644
4.35 2.085665
4.4 2.097618
4.45 2.109502
4.5 2.12132
4.55 2.133073
4.6 2.144761
4.65 2.156386
4.7 2.167948
4.75 2.179449
4.8 2.19089
4.85 2.202272
4.9 2.213594
4.95 2.22486
5 2.236068

์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”

์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ(root) ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ x ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ค ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ณ โ€”์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ, ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ n์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ์ค‘์—์„œโ€”x ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋์„ ์ •ํ•œ ๋’ค, ์  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ฐ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ ์—์„œ y = x์˜ n์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด (x, y) ์Œ์˜ ํ‘œ์™€ ๊บพ์€์„  ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ์œ„๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋จผ์ € ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์„ธ์š”. n์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ •์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜ n์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(์˜ˆ: 5์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์ด๋ฉด 5). ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์…‹์—์„œ๋Š” n์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2์™€ 3์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ n ๊ฐ’์€ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ "x ๋ฒ”์œ„(์‹œ์ž‘)", "x ๋ฒ”์œ„(๋)", "์ฆ๋ถ„"์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๋ถ„์€ 0๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปค์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  n์€ 0์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” x = ์‹œ์ž‘๊ฐ’, ์‹œ์ž‘๊ฐ’ + ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, ์‹œ์ž‘๊ฐ’ + 2ยท๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, โ€ฆ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋๊ฐ’๊นŒ์ง€(๋๊ฐ’ ํฌํ•จ) ์ ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 301๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์‹ ํ’€์ด

๊ฐ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ ์€ \(x_i = x_{\min} + i\,\Delta x\) ์ด๊ณ , \(y_i = x_i^{1/n}\) ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(x \ge 0\) ์ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. \(x < 0\) ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‹ค์ˆ˜ n์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์€ n์ด ํ™€์ˆ˜ ์ •์ˆ˜์ผ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋•Œ $$\sqrt[n]{-x} = -\,|x|^{1/n}\quad(n\ \text{ํ™€์ˆ˜})$$ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜(์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ํฌํ•จ)์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์Œ์ˆ˜ x์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ '์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

x-y์ถ•์—์„œ ์›์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผยท์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผยท๊ณ ์ฐจ n์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ๊ณก์„ 
์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ, ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ, ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜์˜ n์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ, x๊ฐ€ ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์™„๋งŒํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ(n = 3)์—์„œ x๋ฅผ โˆ’8๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 8๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๋ถ„ 4๋กœ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด x = โˆ’8, โˆ’4, 0, 4, 8 ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” y ๊ฐ’์€ โˆ’2, โˆ’1.5874, 0, 1.5874, 2 ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ™€์ˆ˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์Œ์ˆ˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ ์Œ์˜ ๊ทผ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

x ๊ฐ’์„ n์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ๊ฐ’์— ๋Œ€์‘์‹œํ‚จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ทธ ์˜†์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๊ณก์„ 
ํ‘œ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ๊ฐ x ๊ฐ’์ด ๊ทผ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ํ‘œ์˜ ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์ ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ

์Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ์€ ์™œ ๋นˆ์นธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋‚˜์š”? ์Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง์ˆ˜ ๊ทผ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์†Œ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๋Š๊ฒผ๋‚˜์š”? ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ 301๊ฐœ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ์„ธ์š”.

์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ x์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ์ˆ˜ x์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆซ๊ฐ’์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ '์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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