MCP๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’

๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ

๊ณต์‹

๊ด‘๊ณ 

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

A โˆช B (Union)
{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
6 elements
์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜
A โˆฉ B (Intersection) { 3, 4 } 2
A โˆ’ B (Difference) { 1, 2 } 2
B โˆ’ A (Difference) { 5, 6 } 2
A โ–ต B (Symmetric Difference) { 1, 2, 5, 6 } 4
|A| โ€” 4
|B| โ€” 4

์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ

์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ์œ ํ•œ์ง‘ํ•ฉ A์™€ B์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋ก ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(\(A \cup B\)), ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ(\(A \cap B\)), ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(\(A \setminus B\), \(B \setminus A\)), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์นญ์ฐจ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(\(A \triangle B\))์„ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์›์†Œ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜(๋†๋„, cardinality)๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์นธ์— ์ง‘ํ•ฉ A์˜ ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: 1, 2, 3, 4. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์นธ์—๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ B์˜ ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: 3, 4, 5, 6. ์›์†Œ๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์€ ์ •์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ๋งŒ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์•ˆ์— ์ค‘๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‰ผํ‘œ ์•ž๋’ค์˜ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์‹ ํ’€์ด

ํ•ฉ์ง‘ํ•ฉ \(A \cup B\)๋Š” A ๋˜๋Š” B์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ \(A \cap B\)๋Š” ๋‘ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์†Œ๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ง‘ํ•ฉ \(A \setminus B\)๋Š” A์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ B์—๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ , \(B \setminus A\)๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์นญ์ฐจ์ง‘ํ•ฉ $$A \, \triangle \, B = (A \setminus B) \cup (B \setminus A)$$ ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์ค‘ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•œ์ชฝ์—๋งŒ ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

$$A \cup B = \{\, x : x \in A \ \text{or}\ x \in B \,\}$$

$$A \cap B = \{\, x : x \in A \ \text{and}\ x \in B \,\}$$

$$A \setminus B = \{\, x \in A : x \notin B \,\}$$

์ง‘ํ•ฉ A์™€ B์˜ ํ•ฉ์ง‘ํ•ฉ, ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ, ์ฐจ์ง‘ํ•ฉ, ๋Œ€์นญ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒค ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ
์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”: ํ•ฉ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(\(A \cup B\)), ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ(\(A \cap B\)), ์ฐจ์ง‘ํ•ฉ(\(A \setminus B\)), ๋Œ€์นญ์ฐจ.

์˜ˆ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ

\(A = \{1, 2, 3, 4\}\), \(B = \{3, 4, 5, 6\}\)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด \(A \cup B = \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\}\)(์›์†Œ 6๊ฐœ), \(A \cap B = \{3, 4\}\)(์›์†Œ 2๊ฐœ), \(A \setminus B = \{1, 2\}\), \(B \setminus A = \{5, 6\}\), ๋Œ€์นญ์ฐจ์ง‘ํ•ฉ \(A \triangle B = \{1, 2, 5, 6\}\)(์›์†Œ 4๊ฐœ)๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

A์—๋งŒ, B์—๋งŒ, ๊ณต์œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒน์นœ ์˜์—ญ์— ์›์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒน์นœ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ
์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„: A์—๋งŒ, B์—๋งŒ, ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค(๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ).

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ

์›์†Œ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์€ ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ \(\{1, 2\}\)์™€ \(\{2, 1\}\)์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ค‘๋ณต๋œ ์›์†Œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ’์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ \(\{1, 1, 2\}\)๋Š” \(\{1, 2\}\)๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ˆซ์ž ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋„ค. ์›์†Œ๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ "apple, banana"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด๋„ ์ˆซ์ž ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ๋Œ€์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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